27 lines
1.6 KiB
Markdown
27 lines
1.6 KiB
Markdown
# Message Basics
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Kohana messages are human friendly strings represented by a shorter word or phrase, called a "key". Messages are accessed using the [Kohana::message] method, which returns either an entire group of messages, or a single message.
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As an example, when a user is not logged in and attempts to access a page that requires authentication, an error such as "You must be logged in to access this page" might be displayed. This message could be stored in the `auth` file with a `must_login` key:
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$message = Kohana::message('auth', 'must_login');
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Messages are not translated. To translate a message, use the [translation function](using.translation):
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$translated = __(Kohana::message('auth', 'must_login'));
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[!!] In Kohana v2, the message system was used for translation. However, it is highly recommended to use the new translation system instead of messages, as it provides readable text even when a translation is not available.
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## Message Files
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All message files are plain PHP files, stored in the `messages/` directory, that return an associative array:
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<?php defined('SYSPATH') or die('No direct script access.');
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return array(
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'must_login' => 'You must login to access this page',
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'no_access' => 'You do not have privileges to access this page',
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);
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Message files are similar to [config files](using.configuration#config-files) in that they are merged together. This means that all of the messages stored in a file called `auth` will be combined into a single array, so it is not necessary to duplicate all of the messages when you create a new `auth` file.
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